It is difficult to recover original data from files in systems infected by ransomware because they are encrypted and cannot be accessed without keys.

Unfortunately, attackers have taken valuable data as hostage for money in attacks called ransomware. The reliability and integrity of the data must be ensured. These services store data and derive the value of the data. Finally, we discuss future work for the next-generation systems.Ī variety of data-based services such as cloud services and big data-based services have emerged in recent times. Meanwhile, reviews of security detection schemes and digital forensic research for the current PLC-based systems are provided. As a result, we highlight vulnerability analysis at both a core component level and a system level, as well as attack models against availability, integrity, and confidentiality. Finally, the prior surveys lacked a digital forensic research review of PLC-based control systems, which was significant for security analysis at different stages.

Subsequently, it was not clear whether their work applied to the current systems or future ones, especially for security detection schemes. Although surveys on similar topics exist, they are less involved in three key aspects, as follows: First and foremost, previous work focused more on system-level vulnerability analysis than PLC itself. To that end, there is an urgent need to summarize ongoing work in PLC-based control systems on vulnerabilities, attacks, and security detection schemes for researchers and practitioners.

However, it also provides opportunities for adversaries to launch malicious, targeted, and sophisticated cyberattacks. In order to meet increasing demands on cost-effectiveness while improving production efficiency, commercial-off-the-shelf software and hardware, and external networks such as the Internet, are integrated into the PLC-based control systems. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), as specialized task-oriented embedded field devices, play a vital role in current industrial control systems (ICSs), which are composed of critical infrastructure.

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